• Regulatory Guide

EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 — Complete Guide for Manufacturers

Last reviewed: August 2026 · PassoNext Team

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EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 governs every battery placed on the EU market — portable, LMT, EV, industrial, and SLI. In force since 17 August 2023, it replaces the 2006 Battery Directive and introduces lifecycle requirements covering Battery Passports, carbon footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, and supply-chain due diligence. The first Battery Passport deadline is 18 February 2027 for EV, LMT, and industrial batteries above 2 kWh.

Key Takeaways
  • ​Battery passports are mandatory from February 18, 2027 for LMT, EV, and industrial batteries above 2 kWh.
  • ​The regulation covers all economic operators: manufacturers, importers, and distributors.
  • ​Annex XIII defines the battery passport contents. Of the 71 data points the Commission guidance enumerates, 51 are mandatory for EV at 18 February 2027, 54 for LMT and 36 for industrial above 2 kWh.
  • Carbon footprint declaration, recycled content percentages, and supply chain due diligence are required.
  • ​The EU Central Registry launches in July 2026 — passports must connect to it.

​The EU Battery Regulation is the most comprehensive battery legislation ever enacted. It governs every stage of the battery lifecycle — from raw material extraction to end-of-life recycling — and introduces the first mandatory Digital Product Passport under EU law. If you manufacture, import, or distribute batteries in the European Union, this regulation defines your compliance obligations for the next decade and beyond.

This guide covers the full scope of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542: its requirements, timelines, the battery passport mandate, carbon footprint rules, due diligence obligations, and what manufacturers must do now to comply.

What Is the EU Battery Regulation?

In short: the EU Battery Regulation has applied since 17 August 2023, replacing the old Batteries Directive and expanding far beyond recycling into sustainability, safety, traceability, due diligence, carbon footprint, and digital transparency.

​Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 — the EU Battery Regulation — establishes a complete regulatory framework for batteries placed on the EU market. It was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 28 July 2023 and entered into force on 17 August 2023.

The regulation replaces Directive 2006/66/EC (the Batteries Directive), which had governed battery waste management in the EU since 2006. The old directive focused primarily on collection and recycling targets. The new regulation goes far beyond waste management. It regulates sustainability, safety, labelling, traceability, due diligence, carbon footprint, recycled content, and digital transparency across the entire battery value chain.

​This is a regulation, not a directive. It applies directly in all Member States without national transposition. The requirements are uniform across the EU.

​Scope: Which Batteries Are Covered

In short: the regulation defines five battery categories, portable, industrial, EV, LMT, and SLI, and only industrial batteries above 2 kWh, EV batteries, and LMT batteries are subject to the battery passport requirement.

​The Battery Regulation applies to all batteries placed on the EU market, regardless of their chemistry, shape, volume, weight, design, or intended use. Article 1 defines five battery categories, each subject to different combinations of requirements.

​Portable Batteries

Batteries that are sealed, weigh under 5 kg, and are not designed exclusively for industrial use. This includes standard consumer batteries (AA, AAA, button cells) and batteries in consumer electronics. Portable batteries are subject to collection targets, recycling requirements, and labelling rules but are not required to carry a battery passport.

​Industrial Batteries

Batteries designed for industrial use, including stationary energy storage systems. Industrial batteries with a capacity exceeding 2 kWh are subject to the battery passport requirement, carbon footprint declarations, and due diligence obligations.

​Electric Vehicle (EV) Batteries

Traction batteries used in hybrid and fully electric vehicles as defined under Regulation (EU) 2018/858. EV batteries are subject to the full suite of requirements: battery passport, carbon footprint declaration, performance classes, recycled content targets, and due diligence obligations.

​Light Means of Transport (LMT) Batteries

Batteries in electric scooters, e-bikes, and similar light electric vehicles. LMT batteries are subject to the battery passport requirement from 18 February 2027. This category was introduced by the new regulation — the 2006 Directive did not address LMT batteries as a separate category.

​Starting, Lighting and Ignition (SLI) Batteries

Batteries designed primarily to supply power for starting, lighting, or ignition in vehicles. SLI batteries are subject to labelling and recycled content requirements but are not covered by the battery passport mandate.

​The Battery Passport Requirement

In short: the battery passport, established under Article 77, is the first mandatory Digital Product Passport under EU law and becomes compulsory on 18 February 2027 for industrial batteries above 2 kWh, EV batteries, and LMT batteries.

​Article 77 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 establishes the battery passport. This is the first mandatory Digital Product Passport under EU law and serves as the reference implementation for all future DPPs under the ESPR framework.

​Which Batteries Need a Passport

The battery passport is required for three categories:

  • ​Industrial batteries with a capacity exceeding 2 kWh
  • ​Electric vehicle (EV) batteries
  • ​Light means of transport (LMT) batteries

​Portable batteries and SLI batteries are exempt from the passport requirement.

Compliance Deadline

The battery passport becomes mandatory on 18 February 2027. Every battery in the covered categories placed on the EU market on or after that date must have a compliant battery passport. There is no grace period. Batteries placed on the market before the deadline without a passport may remain in circulation but cannot be reintroduced if withdrawn.

​What the Battery Passport Must Contain

Annex XIII of the Battery Regulation defines what the battery passport must contain. It is organised as four numbered points, and each point is an access tier rather than a subject area. The European Commission guidance of 28 July 2026 enumerates 71 data points across them, of which 51 are mandatory for EV batteries at February 2027, 54 for LMT and 36 for industrial above 2 kWh. The groupings below are ours, added for readability.

General Battery and Manufacturer Information

  • ​Battery unique identifier
  • Manufacturer name, contact details, and identification number
  • ​Manufacturing date and place of manufacture
  • ​Battery category (industrial, EV, or LMT)
  • ​Battery weight and dimensions
  • ​Battery chemistry and cell type

​Carbon Footprint

  • Carbon footprint of the battery manufacturing process (kg CO2e per kWh)
  • ​Carbon footprint performance class
  • ​Link to the supporting carbon footprint study
  • ​Identification of the carbon footprint calculation methodology applied

Supply Chain Due Diligence

  • ​Information on the due diligence policy applied
  • ​Third-party verification results (where applicable)
  • Identification of supply chain risks for raw materials (cobalt, lithium, nickel, natural graphite)

​Material Composition

  • Chemistry of the cathode, anode, and electrolyte
  • ​Hazardous substances present (identity, concentration, location within the battery)
  • ​Critical raw materials present (identity and concentration)
  • ​Recycled content share for cobalt, lead, lithium, and nickel

​Performance and Durability

  • ​Rated capacity (Ah) and energy (Wh)
  • ​Voltage (nominal, minimum, maximum)
  • ​Expected battery lifetime (in cycles and calendar years)
  • ​Capacity fade thresholds (state of health indicators)
  • ​Temperature range for operation
  • ​Charge rate capability (C-rate)
  • ​Round-trip energy efficiency
  • ​Internal resistance (initial and evolution over lifetime)

End-of-Life Information

  • ​Dismantling information and safety instructions
  • ​Information on the collection scheme and take-back logistics
  • ​Suitability for repurposing or second-life applications
  • ​Recycling process information

​The level of detail required is unprecedented. Manufacturers must be able to populate every data point that applies to their battery category with accurate, verifiable information for every unit placed on the market.

​Carbon Footprint Requirements

In short: carbon footprint accountability rolls out in three stages under Article 7, and none of them has commenced. Every date in Article 7 applies from the stated date or 12 to 18 months after the methodology delegated act and format implementing act enter into force, whichever is the latest. That delegated act was due by 18 February 2024 for EV batteries and has not been adopted, so the declaration, the performance-class label and the maximum threshold are all still waiting on it.

​The Battery Regulation introduces a phased approach to carbon footprint accountability. Article 7 establishes three stages of increasing stringency.

​Stage 1: Carbon Footprint Declaration (From 18 February 2025)

This obligation has not yet commenced. Article 7(1) applies from 18 February 2025 for EV batteries or 12 months after the methodology delegated act and format implementing act enter into force, whichever is the latest. Article 7(1) required that delegated act by 18 February 2024; it remains a draft and has not been published in the Official Journal, so the twelve month period has not started. When it does apply, every EV battery and industrial battery exceeding 2 kWh placed on the EU market must carry a carbon footprint declaration. The declaration must quantify the battery’s carbon footprint across its lifecycle, expressed in kg CO2 equivalent per kWh of total energy provided over the battery’s service life. The calculation must follow the methodology set out in the Commission’s delegated act under Article 7(1).

​Stage 2: Carbon Footprint Performance Classes (From 18 August 2026)

Article 7(2) applies from 18 August 2026 for EV batteries or 18 months after the relevant acts enter into force, whichever is the latest, so this date is conditional in the same way as Stage 1. When it applies, batteries must be assigned to a carbon footprint performance class. The Commission defines the class boundaries through a delegated act. Each battery must display its performance class on the label and in the battery passport. This enables direct comparison between batteries and creates market pressure toward lower-carbon production.

Stage 3: Maximum Carbon Footprint Thresholds (From 18 February 2028)

Article 7(3) applies from 18 February 2028 for EV batteries or 18 months after the relevant acts enter into force, whichever is the latest, and the threshold value itself is set by a further delegated act adopted in accordance with Article 89. Both the date and the value are therefore still open. When it applies, maximum carbon footprint thresholds take effect. Batteries that exceed the threshold cannot be placed on the EU market. The Commission will set the threshold values through delegated acts, effectively banning the highest-carbon batteries from the European market. This is the regulatory mechanism that forces decarbonisation of battery production.

​Due Diligence Requirements

In short: since 18 August 2025, manufacturers of industrial batteries above 2 kWh, EV batteries, and LMT batteries must run OECD-aligned supply chain due diligence on cobalt, lithium, nickel, and natural graphite, with results reflected in the battery passport.

​Articles 48 through 52 of the Battery Regulation impose mandatory supply chain due diligence obligations on economic operators placing batteries on the EU market. These requirements target the sourcing of raw materials with known social and environmental risks.

​Covered Materials

The due diligence requirements apply to four critical raw materials used in battery manufacturing:

  • ​Cobalt
  • ​Lithium
  • ​Nickel
  • Natural graphite

Due Diligence Obligations

Economic operators must establish and implement a supply chain due diligence policy consistent with internationally recognised standards, specifically the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas. The obligations include:

  • ​Establishing a management system for supply chain due diligence
  • ​Identifying and assessing risks in the supply chain related to human rights abuses, environmental degradation, and governance failures
  • Designing and implementing a strategy to respond to identified risks
  • ​Commissioning independent third-party audits of supply chain due diligence practices
  • ​Publishing annual due diligence reports

These obligations apply from 18 August 2027, moved from 18 August 2025 by Regulation (EU) 2025/1561 amending Article 48(1), for economic operators placing industrial batteries exceeding 2 kWh, EV batteries, and LMT batteries on the EU market. The due diligence results must be reflected in the battery passport.

​Recycled Content Targets

In short: binding recycled-content minimums for cobalt, lead, lithium, and nickel phase in from August 2031 and rise further from August 2036, creating a guaranteed demand signal for recycled battery materials.

The Battery Regulation sets binding recycled content targets for key battery materials. Article 8 establishes two compliance milestones.

​Phase 1: From 18 August 2031

  • ​16% cobalt recovered from battery manufacturing waste or post-consumer waste
  • ​85% lead recovered from waste
  • ​6% lithium recovered from waste
  • ​6% nickel recovered from waste

​Phase 2: From 18 August 2036

  • ​26% cobalt recovered from waste
  • ​85% lead recovered from waste
  • ​12% lithium recovered from waste
  • ​15% nickel recovered from waste

​These targets apply to industrial batteries, EV batteries, LMT batteries, and SLI batteries containing cobalt, lead, lithium, or nickel in active materials. Manufacturers must document the recycled content share in the battery passport and verify it through appropriate chain-of-custody or mass-balance methodologies.

​The recycled content targets are a demand-side driver for the battery recycling industry. They create a guaranteed market for recovered materials and incentivise investment in recycling capacity and technology.

End-of-Life Requirements

In short: the regulation sets rising collection targets for portable and LMT batteries, and minimum recycling-efficiency and material-recovery rates that recyclers must hit through the early 2030s.

The Battery Regulation establishes comprehensive end-of-life obligations covering collection, recycling efficiency, and material recovery.

​Collection Targets

Member States must achieve the following collection rates for portable batteries:

  • ​45% by end of 2023 (carried over from the Batteries Directive)
  • ​63% by end of 2027
  • ​73% by end of 2030

​For LMT batteries, separate collection targets apply: 51% by end of 2028 and 61% by end of 2031.

​Recycling Efficiency

Recyclers must achieve minimum recycling efficiency rates:

  • ​Lead-acid batteries: 80% recycling efficiency by weight
  • ​Lithium-based batteries: 65% recycling efficiency by weight (increasing to 70% by 2030)
  • ​Nickel-cadmium batteries: 80% recycling efficiency by weight
  • ​Other battery chemistries: 50% recycling efficiency by weight

​Material Recovery Rates

Beyond overall recycling efficiency, the regulation sets material-specific recovery targets:

  • Cobalt: 90% recovery by 2027, 95% by 2031
  • ​Copper: 90% recovery by 2027, 95% by 2031
  • Lead: 90% recovery by 2027, 95% by 2031
  • ​Lithium: 50% recovery by 2027, 80% by 2031
  • ​Nickel: 90% recovery by 2027, 95% by 2031

These targets ensure that critical materials are returned to the supply chain rather than lost in low-value recycling streams.

Labelling Requirements

In short: batteries need CE marking, a QR code to the passport, chemistry and collection symbols, capacity and manufacturing details, and, from August 2026, a carbon footprint performance class, printed or engraved directly on the battery wherever possible.

​Article 13 of the Battery Regulation establishes detailed labelling requirements for all battery categories. The labelling regime is more comprehensive than under the previous Directive and includes both physical marking and digital elements. (Note: Article 13 of the separate ESPR Regulation 2024/1781 covers the EU Central DPP Registry, a different obligation under a different regulation.)

Mandatory Label Elements

  • ​CE marking confirming conformity with applicable EU requirements
  • ​QR code linking to the battery passport (for passport-eligible batteries)
  • ​Separate collection symbol (crossed-out wheeled bin)
  • ​Battery chemistry symbol (Cd for cadmium, Pb for lead, where applicable)
  • ​Rated capacity (Ah) and nominal voltage
  • ​Date of manufacture (month and year)
  • ​Manufacturer name or registered trade mark and postal address
  • ​Battery weight
  • ​Substance of concern symbols (where applicable)
  • ​Carbon footprint performance class label (from August 2026 for EV and industrial batteries >2 kWh)

​Labels must be printed or engraved on the battery in a visible, legible, and indelible manner. Where the battery size makes direct printing impractical, labels may be affixed to the packaging or accompanying documentation, subject to specific conditions.

Battery Passport Data Carrier

In short: the passport must be reachable via an ISO/IEC 18004 QR code durable enough to remain scannable for the battery’s full operational life, typically 8 to 15 years for EV and industrial batteries.

​The battery passport must be accessible through a data carrier affixed to the battery. Article 77(3) specifies the technical requirements.

​The data carrier must be a QR code compliant with ISO/IEC 18004. The QR code must be placed on the battery itself or, where physical constraints prevent this, on the battery’s packaging. The QR must encode a unique identifier that resolves to the battery passport hosted by the manufacturer or their authorised DPP service provider.

​The QR code must remain scannable for the expected operational lifetime of the battery. For EV and industrial batteries, this means durability of at least 8 to 15 years under normal operating conditions. Manufacturers must select printing, engraving, or labelling methods that can withstand the battery’s operating environment, including temperature variations, vibration, and chemical exposure.

​The unique identifier must follow the GS1 standard or equivalent globally recognised identification scheme. It must be registered in the EU’s battery passport system infrastructure before the battery is placed on the market.

Who Is Responsible

In short: manufacturers carry primary compliance responsibility, importers and distributors must verify conformity before the battery reaches the market, and non-EU manufacturers can appoint an EU-based authorised representative.

​The Battery Regulation places primary compliance responsibility on the economic operator who places the battery on the EU market. Chapter VI (Articles 38-47) defines the obligations of each actor in the supply chain.

​Manufacturers

The manufacturer bears primary responsibility for all substantive requirements: design, conformity assessment, labelling, carbon footprint declaration, battery passport creation, due diligence, and recycled content verification. The manufacturer must draw up a technical file, apply the CE marking, and issue the EU Declaration of Conformity before placing the battery on the market.

​Importers

Importers must verify that the manufacturer has completed all conformity procedures, that the battery carries the correct labelling and CE marking, and that a compliant battery passport exists (where required). If the importer has reason to believe a battery does not comply, they must not place it on the market until compliance is established.

Distributors

Distributors must verify physical labels, active QR codes, and compliance markings prior to selling products within the EU market.

Key Dates Timeline

Rollout dates span multiple years, requiring compliance teams to track overlapping deadlines:

  • ​17 August 2023: Law enters into force.
  • ​18 February 2024: Removability and replaceability design standards apply for portable batteries.
  • 18 February 2025 (Conditional): Carbon footprint declarations kick in 12 months after finalized delegated act adoption.
  • ​18 August 2026 (Conditional): Carbon performance class labels take effect 18 months post-methodology adoption.
  • ​18 February 2027: Battery passports become mandatory for LMT, EV, and industrial units above 2 kWh.
  • ​18 August 2027: Supply chain due diligence requirements apply (postponed from 2025 by Regulation 2025/1561).
  • 18 February 2028 (Conditional): Maximum carbon limit bans take effect.
  • ​31 December 2027: 63% portable collection target; initial 90%/50% metal recovery thresholds.
  • ​31 December 2030: 73% portable collection target; 70% lithium recycling efficiency rule.
  • ​18 August 2031: First recycled content floors apply (16% Co, 85% Pb, 6% Li, 6% Ni).
  • ​18 August 2036: Second-phase recycled content targets kick in (26% Co, 85% Pb, 12% Li, 15% Ni).

​Penalties and Enforcement

In short: market surveillance agencies can seize products, hold shipments at customs, and levy financial penalties that outweigh compliance costs.

​Article 76 gives enforcement authorities broad power to police non-compliant products across EU borders.

​Market Surveillance Powers

Regulators can force product modifications, issue market bans, order product recalls, and impose fines. Inspectors maintain legal authority to demand technical documentation, run lab tests, and access backend passport data systems.

Customs Enforcement

Customs officials monitor EU entry ports directly. Ships carrying unverified, unlabelled, or unlinked battery units face border holds, turning customs into a strict compliance checkpoint for global trade lines.

​Penalty Regimes

Individual Member States set exact financial penalty figures. However, EU law dictates that fine schedules must remain dissuasive and exceed any financial gains made through regulatory non-compliance.

​How to Prepare: Practical Steps

In short: with major deadlines approaching, companies should classify inventory, audit data, onboard suppliers, select a passport platform, and build a test passport.

​Delaying preparation creates severe operational risk. Follow this straightforward path to get compliant:

1. ​Map Product Classifications

Audit every product against the five battery categories to define your exact passport, carbon, and recycling requirements.

2. Audit Technical Data

Compare your current internal data against Annex XIII requirements (36 to 54 data fields depending on category) to spot data collection gaps early.

3. Set Up Supplier Protocols

Draft formal data-sharing clauses with cell suppliers and component makers to collect upstream material, carbon, and chemical metrics.

4. Choose a Software Platform

Secure a Digital Product Passport platform capable of storing Annex XIII models, generating ISO-compliant QR codes, managing access tiers, and linking to the EU Central Registry.

​5. Establish Carbon Tracking

Align carbon calculation procedures with draft EU guidance so you are ready for declaration and performance class updates.

6. ​Deploy Due Diligence Systems

Set up OECD-compliant auditing frameworks to map supply risks across cobalt, lithium, nickel, and natural graphite.

7. ​Run a Pilot Program

Build a complete passport for one product line to test supplier data collection, platform integration, and QR label printing before scaling up.

The Strategic Context

In short: battery passports set the architectural foundation for all future EU Digital Product Passports, making early compliance a key operational advantage.

This regulation forms part of a wider EU push toward circular economy models and supply chain independence. As the first active Digital Product Passport framework, the battery passport sets the technical foundation for future rules under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR).

​Preparing your business now builds digital infrastructure you can reuse across other product lines down the road. Furthermore, major automotive OEMs already treat passport readiness as a core requirement when choosing suppliers. Early compliance gives you a clear edge in winning long-term supply contracts.

What This Means For Your Business

This framework changes how battery companies operate across the EU market. Meeting these standards requires gathering supplier metrics, running carbon calculations, tracking recycled materials, and publishing verified data through scannable QR codes.

​Ignoring these rules risks heavy fines, border holds, and market bans. Getting your compliance systems moving early ensures your business stays ready, visible, and competitive across European markets

Action Steps

  1. Determine your battery classification and the applicable template
  2. Audit existing data against Annex XIII requirements; manufacturers typically score 40-60% complete
  3. Contact your cell and raw material suppliers to start upstream data collection
  4. Create a PassoNext account and enter your first battery using the correct template
  5. Plan for EU Central Registry connection to be ready when it launches in July 2026
  6. Aim to be fully compliant at least 3 months ahead of the February 2027 deadline
EU DPP Regulatory Hub
Battery Passport
Days
Feb 18, 2027

Frequently asked questions

What is EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542?

Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, adopted on 12 July 2023 and in effect since 17 August 2023, replaces the 2006 Battery Directive. The regulation introduces lifecycle-wide requirements for every battery placed on the EU market: portable, LMT (light means of transport), EV, industrial and SLI (starter, lighting, ignition). A Battery Passport, carbon footprint declaration, recycled-content minimums, and due diligence across the battery supply chain are required.

A Digital Product Passport is required for every EV battery, every LMT battery and every industrial battery with a capacity exceeding 2 kWh placed on the EU market from 18 February 2027 in accordance with Article 77. This obligation does not apply to portable batteries or to SLI batteries, though these are subject to other obligations, including carbon footprint, recycled content and due diligence under separate articles.

The binding Battery Passport deadline is 18 February 2027 under Article 77(1) of Regulation 2023/1542, and that date is fixed. The carbon footprint dates are not: every date in Article 7 will apply from the stated date or 12 to 18 months after the methodology delegated act and format implementing act come into force, whichever is the latest. The Article 7(1) delegated act for EV batteries was due by 18 February 2024 and is still a draft, so the declaration obligation has not commenced. Recycled content disclosure under Article 8(1) is conditional in the same way, from 18 August 2028 or 24 months after its delegated act. The binding recycled content minimums are fixed: 16% cobalt, 85% lead, 6% lithium and 6% nickel from 18 August 2031 under Article 8(2), rising to 26% cobalt, 85% lead, 12% lithium and 15% nickel from 18 August 2036 under Article 8(3).

Annex XIII of the regulation specifies the mandatory fields. The passport covers battery identification and chemistry; nominal capacity and voltage; weight; manufacturer and facility; compliance and conformity documentation; carbon footprint per functional unit; recycled content per critical raw material; supply chain due diligence evidence; performance and durability parameters; state of health and expected lifetime; and end-of-life handling instructions. Access is tiered: consumers see a subset, authorities and certified operators see the full record.

The economic operator placing the battery on the EU market – the manufacturer for EU-made batteries, the importer or authorised representative for batteries manufactured outside the EU. Distributors must verify that a Battery Passport exists before making the battery available. When a battery is repurposed, remanufactured or reused, the economic operator performing that action becomes responsible for updating the passport with a new status and new responsible party.

The Battery Regulation (2023/1542) is a directly applicable, sector-specific regulation that already covers every requirement for batteries, including the Battery Passport. ESPR (2024/1781) is a horizontal framework that introduces product passports for other categories – textiles, tyres, iron, steel, electronics, furniture – via category-specific delegated acts. Batteries are formally excluded from ESPR because 2023/1542 fully regulates them. Both use the same DPP architecture, GS1 Digital Link carrier and EU Central Registry.

Article 7 requires a carbon footprint declaration – calculated with the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) methodology and expressed in kg CO2-eq per kWh of total energy provided over the service life – on EV batteries from 18 February 2025, on rechargeable industrial batteries above 2 kWh from 18 August 2026 and on LMT batteries from 18 August 2028. Performance classes and declaration-verification requirements follow in subsequent implementing acts.

Article 8 sets out recycled-content minimums for EV and industrial batteries for four critical raw materials. From 18 August 2031: 16% cobalt, 6% lithium, 6% nickel, 85% lead. From 18 August 2036 (subject to Commission review): 26% cobalt, 12% lithium, 15% nickel, 85% lead. Producers must include recycled-content percentages in the Battery Passport and in the technical documentation accompanying the battery.

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